Immune & Tune Supplement

Linseed is valued for alpha-linolenic acid (aplantomega-3) and is commonly used in horses and dogs to support healthy skin andcoat. It is especially relevant when animals eatmainly hayor processed diets with less natural omega-3 compared with fresh forage. Linseed also provides gentle mucilage-like fibers that many owners associate with digestive comfort. Sembratowicz et al., 2020

Borage oil is derived from the seeds of Borago officinalis and is valued for its high content of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid. GLA is involved in lipid metabolism and contributes to maintaining the structural integrity of skin cell membranes.

Healthy skin depends on a balanced lipid barrier that helps retain moisture and protects the body from environmental irritants. Adequate intake of essential fatty acids supports this barrier and contributes to maintaining normal skin condition and coat quality.

Because of its fatty acid composition, borage oil is commonly included in nutritional formulations aimed at supporting skin comfort, coat health, and overall physiological balance in dogs (Verhelst, 2025).

Vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopherol) is an essential fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cell membranes from oxidative stress. Because these membranes are rich in fatty acids, they are particularly sensitive to oxidative damage, making antioxidant protection important for normal cellular function (ScienceDirect, 2014).

Vitamin E plays an important role in maintaining muscle cell integrity and supports normal nerve function. It also contributes to immune function and helps maintain healthy tissues such as skin and coat (Fagan, 2018).

Horses naturally obtain vitamin E from fresh grass, but intake can be limited when pasture access is restricted, making additional supply relevant (University of California, 2019).

Vitamin E can occur in different forms (tocopherols), each with specific antioxidant properties. A combination of these forms provides broader antioxidant support compared to a single form alone. As a fat-soluble vitamin, delivering vitamin E in an oil-based form supports its natural absorption (Quigley, 2021).

Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is a water-soluble B vitamin involved in several metabolic processes related to fatty acid metabolism and keratin production. Keratin is the structural protein that forms the basis of skin, hair, and coat.

Healthy skin depends on the continuous renewal of skin cells and the maintenance of a strong skin barrier. Adequate biotin intake contributes to normal keratin synthesis and supports the structural integrity of skin tissues.

In dogs, nutritional strategies that support skin metabolism and barrier function are particularly relevant for animals prone to skin sensitivity, itching, or coat problems. Because of its role in skin health and coat quality, biotin is commonly included in nutritional formulations aimed at supporting skin comfort and maintaining a healthy coat (Bonny Canteen, 2023; Springer, 2008; Curely, 2025).

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an essential role in amino acid metabolism and numerous enzymatic reactions in the body. It functions as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, supporting overall energy and nutrient utilization.

Vitamin B6 also contributes to the normal function of the nervous system by participating in the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. These compounds are involved in mood regulation, behavior, and the body’s response to stress, making vitamin B6 relevant in nutritional strategies aimed at supporting calm and balanced behavior.

In addition, vitamin B6 supports immune function and contributes to normal metabolic activity in rapidly renewing tissues such as skin. A well-functioning immune system and healthy skin are important for overall resilience and wellbeing.

Because of its combined role in metabolism, nervous system function, and immune support, vitamin B6 is commonly included in formulations aimed at supporting both emotional balance and overall health in dogs (Curely, 2025).

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an essential role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. These minerals are important for maintaining normal bone formation and overall structural support.

Beyond its role in mineral metabolism, vitamin D3 also contributes to immune system regulation. Immune cells contain vitamin D receptors, and adequate vitamin D levels support normal immune responses and physiological balance.

Vitamin D is also involved in cellular growth and differentiation, including in tissues such as the skin. These processes contribute to maintaining skin integrity and overall tissue health.

Because of its role in immune function, skin health, and metabolic balance, vitamin D3 is commonly included in nutritional formulations designed to support overall wellbeing and resilience in dogs (Chrobak-Chmiel, 2023; Dogru, 2017; Hattangdi-Haridas, 2019; Mostafa, 2015).

Zinc is an essential trace mineral involved in hundreds of enzymatic reactions throughout the body. It plays a key role in cellular metabolism, immune function, and tissue maintenance.

In the skin, zinc contributes to normal cell turnover and supports the structural integrity of skin tissues. Adequate zinc intake is therefore important for maintaining healthy skin and coat condition.(Schwartz et. al., 2006; Glutsch et. al., 2019).

Zinc is also involved in immune system activity and antioxidant defense mechanisms that help protect tissues from oxidative stress. Because of these roles, zinc is commonly included in pet nutrition to support immune balance, skin health, and overall physiological function (Animals, 2021).