Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an essential role in energy metabolism and cellular function. It participates in enzymatic reactions involved in DNA synthesis and the formation of red blood cells, which are important for oxygen transport and overall vitality.

Vitamin B12 works closely together with folate in one-carbon metabolism, a pathway involved in the synthesis van nucleic acids and other essential biological molecules. These processes support cellular growth, tissue maintenance, and overall metabolic balance.

In addition, vitamin B12 contributes to normal nervous system function and is involved in pathways linked to mood regulation. Research shows that low vitamin B12 levels are associated with changes in mood and increased signs of stress-related conditions such as anxiety and depression. Maintaining adequate levels therefore supports overall mental balance and resilience (Todorov et al., 2017 ; Stover, 2004; Curely, 2025).