Recognising and treating fever in dogs: tips & advice

A dog’s normal body temperature is between 38°C and 39°C. When the temperature rises above 39.5°C, we say the dog has a fever. This can be a sign of infections, inflammation or other underlying health problems. A dog with a fever may appear listless, eat less and have warm ears or a dry nose. It is crucial to know how to recognise a fever and what steps to take. Here you can read all about the symptoms, how it differs from overheating, home treatments and when to consult a veterinarian.

How do you recognise a fever in a dog?

A dog’s body temperature should ideally be taken rectally using a specific veterinarian thermometer. A temperature above 39.5°C indicates a fever.

What are the symptoms of a fever in a dog?

A fever causes various physical and behavioural symptoms, including:

Lethargy and fatigue: The dog withdraws, has less energy and sleeps more.
Reduced appetite: The dog has less of an appetite or refuses food.
Warm ears and a dry nose: These are indicative signs of an elevated body temperature.
Rapid breathing and increased heart rate: This may indicate a fever or fever-related discomfort.
Shivering or trembling: Some dogs experience chills despite an elevated temperature.
Red gums or irritated eyes: A visible sign of an underlying health problem.
Vomiting or diarrhoea: This can occur with infections accompanied by a fever.

How do you measure a dog’s body temperature?

You can accurately measure body temperature using a rectal thermometer. Follow these steps:

Use a digital veterinarian thermometer for the most accurate reading.
Apply Vaseline or a safe lubricant to the tip of the thermometer.
Gently lift your dog’s tail and insert the thermometer about 2 cm.
Wait a few seconds until the thermometer displays the temperature.

Please note: A temperature above 39.5°C indicates a fever, and above 40.5°C can be dangerous.

What is the difference between a fever and overheating?

A fever and overheating are not the same thing.

Fever: Caused by infections or inflammation, the body deliberately keeps itself warm to fight off bacteria.
Overheating (heat stress): Caused by external heat sources, such as hot weather or intense exercise in high temperatures.

Symptoms of overheating :

Heavy panting and drooling
Red mucous membranes
Loss of consciousness
Clammy, warm skin

If a dog is overheating, it should be cooled down by pouring lukewarm water over its paws and ears and placed in the shade.

What causes fever in dogs?

Fever is usually caused by infections and inflammation, but there may be several underlying reasons.

Possible causes

Viral or bacterial infections: Dogs can become infected with viruses or bacteria (e.g. kennel cough, distemper).
Parasitic infections: Ticks and fleas can cause diseases that induce fever.
Autoimmune diseases: The dog’s body attacks itself, which can be accompanied by a fever.
Poisoning: Ingestion of toxic substances or spoiled food can lead to a fever.
Post-operative fever: Following surgery, the immune system may overreact.

If the cause is unclear and the fever persists for more than 24 hours, a veterinarian should be consulted.

How can you treat a fever in dogs?

To provide relief for your dog, there are a few immediate steps you can take.

What can you do at home to treat a dog’s fever?

Let the dog rest: Avoid physical activity and provide a comfortable place to rest.
Ensure adequate hydration: Make sure the dog drinks plenty of fresh water.
Lightly digestible food: Offer cooked chicken, rice or cooked vegetables to ease digestion.
Cool the paws and ears: Use a damp cloth with lukewarm water to lower the temperature.
Create a cool environment: Turn on a fan or let the dog lie down indoors in a cool spot.

When should you consult a veterinarian?

Consult a veterinarian if:

The fever rises above 40°C or persists for more than 24 hours.
The dog is extremely lethargic, confused or unresponsive
There is diarrhoea, vomiting or breathing difficulties.
The fever occurs after an operation or vaccination.

The veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics or antipyretics depending on the underlying cause.

Which medicines are safe for dogs with a fever?

Never use human medicines, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen. These can be toxic to dogs and lead to serious health complications. Safe options that a veterinarian may prescribe:

Fever reducers: Specific medicines for dogs to lower their temperature.
Antibiotics: For bacterial infections.
Anti-inflammatories: Depending on the cause of the fever.

Always follow the veterinarian’s instructions and never administer medication without consulting them first.

How can you help prevent fever in dogs?

Prevention is the best way to avoid health problems. Preventive measures :

Regular vaccinations: Protects against diseases such as distemper or kennel cough.
Flea and tick prevention: Prevents parasitic infections.
Healthy nutrition and water intake: Supports a strong immune system.
Avoid contact with sick animals: Especially in busier dog parks or kennels.

Conclusion

A fever in dogs can be a sign of an underlying health problem. Normal body temperature ranges between 38°C and 39°C, and medical attention is required if the temperature exceeds 39.5°C. Check the temperature rectally with a thermometer, and watch out for signs such as listlessness, loss of appetite and ears that feel warm to the touch. Ensure rest, hydration and cooling, and consult a veterinarian if the fever exceeds 40°C or symptoms persist. Never administer human medication, and ensure that the risk of fever is minimised through vaccinations, nutrition and hygiene.

Back to blog