Warts in Dogs: Recognise, Treat and Prevent

Warts in dogs are benign growths caused by papillomaviruses. They often show up as cauliflower-like bumps on the skin or mucous membranes, and they're most common in young dogs and older dogs with weakened immune systems. Most disappear on their own without any fuss. Some don't, and those need a closer look. Here's how to recognise, treat and prevent warts in dogs.

What are warts in dogs?

Warts in dogs are small, benign tumours usually caused by infection with the canine papillomavirus (CPV) [1]. The virus spreads through direct contact with infected dogs or contact with contaminated surfaces such as toys and water bowls, and it shows up most often in young dogs and animals with a weakened immune system [1][2].

What do warts in dogs look like?

Warts vary in shape, colour and size, but usually have a:

• Cauliflower-like appearance with a rough, bumpy texture.
• Diameter ranging from a few millimetres to one centimetre.
• Colour ranging from pink to dark brown or black.

Where do warts occur in dogs?

Warts often appear on:

• The mouth and lips (especially in young dogs, caused by oral papillomavirus infections).
• The eyelids and nose.
• The legs and paws (can cause lameness).
• The abdomen and groin.

What causes warts in dogs?

Canine papillomavirus (CPV) is behind most warts in dogs. This virus spreads through:

• Direct contact with infected dogs.
• Sharing toys, water bowls or sleeping areas.
• Minor skin damage, which makes it easier for the virus to enter.

Some breeds are genetically more prone to warts, such as the:

• Shar-Pei
• Cocker Spaniel
• Miniature Schnauzer

The virus often causes no problems in healthy dogs. Animals with a weak immune system are more likely to develop warts, and are also more likely to see them turn into something more serious [1].

How do you recognise warts in dogs?

What symptoms indicate warts in dogs?

Symptoms of warts vary depending on their location. Some common signs include:

• Hard or soft lumps that appear suddenly.
• Difficulty eating if the warts are in or around the mouth.
• Itching or irritation, especially if the wart is damaged.
• Bleeding or inflammation if a wart becomes infected.
• Lameness if warts are on the legs or between the toes.

How can you tell the difference between warts and tumours?

Not all skin growths in dogs are warts. Malignant tumours, such as mast cell tumours or melanomas, can be mistaken for warts.

Look out for the following characteristics:

If in doubt, or if there are changes in size, colour or shape, it is advisable to consult a veterinarian.

How do you treat warts in dogs?

Can warts disappear on their own?

Yes. In most cases warts disappear on their own within 6 to 8 weeks, once CD4+ and CD8+ immune cells infiltrate the lesion and clear the virus [3]. In some dogs, though, that process drags on for months.

When is veterinary treatment necessary?

Veterinary assistance is recommended if:

• Warts are bleeding, become infected or cause pain.
• The dog has difficulty eating or drinking due to warts in the mouth.
• The warts do not disappear after a few months.

What treatment options are available?

What home remedies are commonly used?

Some owners try natural treatments such as:

• Vitamin C supplements (strengthens the immune system).
• Tea tree oil (anti-inflammatory, but use with caution).
• Aloe vera (soothes and moisturises the skin).

These remedies may offer some relief, but they're no substitute for veterinary treatment if the warts are causing discomfort.

How can you prevent warts in dogs?

Can you vaccinate a dog against warts?

There is no standard vaccine against the virus that causes warts, but boosting the dog's natural defences can help.

What prevention tips help reduce the risk?

• Avoid contact with infected dogs (especially in puppy classes and dog parks).
• Feed your dog a healthy diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants.
• Regularly disinfect water bowls, toys and beds.
• Check your dog's skin and mouth regularly for any suspicious lumps.

How do you know if a dog has recovered?

A healed wart disappears completely without leaving any scars. If new warts appear or existing warts continue to grow, further medical follow-up may be necessary.

Conclusion

Warts in dogs are common, and the canine papillomavirus is behind most cases. They have a characteristic cauliflower-like appearance and tend to show up around the mouth, eyes, paws or abdomen. Warts usually clear up on their own within 6 to 8 weeks, but some stick around longer and cause enough discomfort to need treatment. Surgical removal, medication such as azithromycin, or immune-stimulating therapies can help with warts that are persistent, painful or infected.

Keeping your dog healthy, limiting direct exposure to infected dogs, and running regular skin checks will lower the risk. If you're ever unsure about a skin growth, a trip to the vet is always the safer call.