Hypoallergenic dog breeds: Which dogs are hypoallergenic?

There is a growing demand for hypoallergenic dog breeds, particularly among people with allergies. For many, the love of dogs is undiminished, but allergic reactions to pet dander can be a real obstacle. This article looks at which breeds are commonly considered hypoallergenic, what the science actually says about them, and how to reduce allergen exposure at home.

What are hypoallergenic dog breeds?

Hypoallergenic dog breeds are specific breeds considered to be less likely to trigger allergies compared to other breeds. People with dog allergies are typically sensitive to Can f 1, the main dog allergen found in dander, saliva and urine. Symptoms include sneezing, itchy eyes, skin rashes and breathing difficulties.

The term "hypoallergenic" is widely used in the pet industry, but the peer-reviewed evidence tells a more complicated story. A study measuring Can f 1 allergen levels in homes with so-called hypoallergenic breeds found no statistically significant difference compared to homes with non-hypoallergenic breeds [1]. A second study, which measured allergen levels directly in dogs' hair and coat, actually found that several breeds commonly marketed as hypoallergenic had significantly higher Can f 1 levels than standard breeds [2]. In practice, hypoallergenic breeds do not reliably produce fewer allergens. Some individuals find they tolerate certain breeds better than others, but this varies from person to person and cannot be guaranteed by breed labelling alone.

What many of these breeds do share is a low-shedding or non-shedding coat, which reduces the spread of allergen-carrying hair around the home. For some people, that reduced exposure may help. But it is not the same as reduced allergen production. For anyone with moderate to severe allergies, spending time with a specific dog before committing to ownership remains the most reliable test of tolerance.

Bichon Frise

The Bichon Frisé, a charming and lively little dog, is known for its fluffy coat and cheerful personality. Originally a companion dog, the Bichon Frisé has proven itself over the years to be an ideal dog for people of all ages.

Breed overview

• Group: non-sporting companion dogs
• Height: approximately 23 to 30 centimetres
• Weight: between 3 and 5 kilograms
• Coat: curly and dense, with a soft texture
• Colour: white is the most common colour, sometimes with cream-coloured highlights
• Care: the Bichon Frisé requires regular care to keep its coat healthy and tangle-free. Daily brushing sessions and regular visits to the groomer are essential. Their ears must also be checked and cleaned regularly to prevent infections.
• Temperament: this dog is known for its playful and friendly nature. The Bichon Frisé is sociable and behaves well in the company of people and other pets. They are intelligent and easy to train, making them excellent family dogs.
• Health: generally speaking, the Bichon Frisé is a healthy dog, but as with any breed, there are certain health issues to watch out for, including eye problems, allergies and joint problems.
• Life expectancy: between 12 and 15 years.

Border Terrier

The Border Terrier, a sturdy and lively terrier, was originally bred to work on farms in the border region between England and Scotland. This compact dog is known for its determination, intelligence and friendly nature, making it both a valued family companion and a capable working dog. It also belongs to the category of hypoallergenic dog breeds.

Breed overview

• Group: Terriers
• Weight: between 5.9 and 7.1 kilograms
• Coat: thick, dense and rough
• Colour: usually red, wheaten or blue with a tan face
• Care: the Border Terrier's coat requires regular brushing to prevent tangles. Occasional trimming may also be necessary to keep the coat in good condition. Ears should be checked and cleaned regularly.
• Temperament: the Border Terrier is known for its friendly and affectionate nature. They are intelligent, active and alert, making them excellent dogs for families and people who are willing to play with them and provide them with sufficient exercise.
• Health: generally, the Border Terrier is a sturdy breed, but as with many terrier breeds, they can be prone to certain genetic conditions, such as Perthes disease, heart problems and CECS.
• Life expectancy: between 12 and 15 years.

Hypoallergenic dog breeds: Poodles

Poodles, with their characteristic curly coat and intelligent appearance, are known as one of the most versatile and popular dog breeds. Aside from their striking appearance, poodles also have a friendly nature and are known for their exceptional intelligence, making them suitable for various roles, including companionship, working and show dog competitions. Poodles are a hypoallergenic dog breed that is also suitable for people with allergies.

Breed overview

• Group: companion dogs
• Height: Poodles come in three different sizes: the Standard Poodle (over 45 cm), the Toy Poodle (35–45 cm) and the Miniature Poodle (under 35 cm).
• Weight: weight varies depending on size, with the Standard Poodle weighing between 20 and 32 kilograms, the Toy Poodle between 12 and 18 kilograms and the Miniature Poodle between 4 and 8 kilograms.
• Coat: Poodles have a dense, curly coat that sheds little to no hair.
• Colour: Poodles come in various colours, including black, white, brown, grey and apricot.
• Care: Poodles' coats require regular care, including brushing and trimming to prevent tangles. Regular clipping and styling is necessary to maintain the characteristic poodle shape.
• Temperament: Poodles are known for their high intelligence and friendly nature. They are generally playful, active and easy to train.
• Health: Poodles are generally healthy dogs, but they can be prone to certain genetic conditions such as hip dysplasia, eye problems and skin issues.
• Life expectancy: between 10 and 18 years.

Portuguese Water Dog

The Portuguese Water Dog, an athletic and intelligent dog with a history as a working dog for fishermen in Portugal, is known for its excellent swimming skills and versatile character. With a unique coat and a loving personality, this dog is both a devoted companion and a capable worker.

Breed overview

• Group: Retrievers, Spaniels and Water Dogs
• Height: between 43 and 57 centimetres
• Weight: between 16 and 27 kilograms, depending on gender and size
• Coat: curly or wavy coat, which causes little to no shedding
• Colour: black, white, brown or a combination of these colours
• Care: the Portuguese Water Dog's coat requires regular care to prevent matting. Regular brushing and trimming are necessary. Their swimming abilities also mean they often need to be washed after water activities.
• Temperament: Portuguese Water Dogs are known for their friendly and alert nature. They are energetic, intelligent and receptive to training. Due to their origins as working dogs, they are often keen to be active and enjoy activities with their owners.
• Health: generally speaking, Portuguese Water Dogs are healthy dogs. However, like many breeds, they can be prone to certain genetic conditions, including hip dysplasia and eye problems.
• Life expectancy: between 10 and 14 years.

Labradoodle

The Labradoodle, a popular hybrid dog, is the result of a cross between a Labrador Retriever and a Poodle. These friendly and intelligent dogs combine the best traits of both breeds, making them excellent companion dogs and therapy dogs.

Breed overview

• Group: companion dogs
• Height: between 45 and 65 centimetres
• Weight: between 12 and 32 kilograms
• Coat: Labradoodles have a variable coat that can range from short, curly hair to longer, wavy coats.
• Colour: Labradoodles come in various colours, including black, chocolate, cream, apricot and silver.
• Care: care requirements for Labradoodles depend on their coat type. Regular brushing is necessary to prevent tangles, and some Labradoodles require professional grooming sessions. Ears should be checked and cleaned regularly.
• Temperament: Labradoodles are known for their friendly and sociable nature. They are intelligent and easy to train, making them suitable for families and as therapy dogs. They often have a lively personality and thrive on human interaction.
• Health: generally, Labradoodles are healthy dogs, but as with many mixed breeds, they can be prone to the health issues common to their parent breeds. Common concerns include hip dysplasia and eye problems.
• Life expectancy: between 12 and 16 years.

Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier

The Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier, also known as the 'Wheaten', is a charming terrier with a soft, silky coat ranging from wheaten to reddish-brown. This dog is known for its friendly nature, playfulness and irresistible charm. Originally bred as a farm dog in Ireland, the Wheaten has become a beloved family member.

Breed overview

• Group: Terriers
• Height: between 43 and 48 centimetres at the shoulder
• Weight: between 13 and 20 kilograms
• Coat: the most striking feature of this breed is its silky, wavy or slightly curly coat.
• Colour: the Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier's coat ranges from wheaten to reddish-brown.
• Care: the Wheaten's coat requires regular care. Daily brushing helps prevent tangles and keeps the coat shiny.
• Temperament: Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers are known for their friendly and lively nature. They are playful, sociable and form strong bonds with their family. These dogs are also intelligent and can perform well in obedience training.
• Health: generally, Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers are healthy dogs, but they can be prone to certain genetic conditions, including eye disorders and allergies.
• Life expectancy: between 12 and 15 years.

Chinese Crested

The Chinese Crested is a striking dog breed with two varieties: the naked variety, which has little to no coat, and the Powderpuff variety, covered in a silky coat. With a unique appearance, including an elegant build and characteristic mane, the Chinese Crested is a beloved dog for those looking for a small, lively dog with a striking appearance.

Breed overview

• Group: companion dogs
• Height: between 28 and 33 centimetres at the shoulder
• Weight: between 2 and 5 kilograms
• Coat: there are two varieties: the naked variety, which has only a little hair on the head, feet and tail, and the Powderpuff variety, which is covered in a silky, double coat.
• Colour: black, white, chocolate, and any combination of colours.
• Care: the naked variety requires special care, including protection from sunlight and regular bathing to keep the skin healthy. Both the naked and Powderpuff varieties require regular brushing and dental care.
• Temperament: Chinese Cresteds are known for their loving and affectionate nature. They are often playful, alert and tend to form strong bonds with their owners. Despite their small size, they can be lively and energetic.
• Health: generally, Chinese Cresteds are healthy dogs. Naked Chinese Cresteds require extra care for their sensitive skin, whilst both varieties can be prone to dental problems.
• Life expectancy: between 12 and 15 years.

Schnauzer

The Schnauzer, a sturdy and alert working dog with a distinctive beard and eyebrows, is a versatile breed with three varieties: the Miniature Schnauzer, the Standard Schnauzer and the Giant Schnauzer. These intelligent and lively dogs are known for their vigilance, loyalty to the family and their distinctive appearance.

Breed overview

• Group: Pinschers, Schnauzers, Molossers and Swiss Mountain Dogs
• Height: height varies depending on the variety. The Miniature Schnauzer stands approximately 30 to 35 centimetres tall, the Standard Schnauzer between 45 and 50 centimetres, and the Giant Schnauzer between 60 and 70 centimetres.
• Weight: the weight of Schnauzers also varies by variety. The Miniature Schnauzer typically weighs between 4 and 9 kilograms, the Standard Schnauzer between 14 and 20 kilograms, and the Giant Schnauzer between 35 and 47 kilograms.
• Coat: Schnauzers have a dense, hard coat that typically has a soft undercoat. The coat is often clipped into its characteristic appearance, including the beard and eyebrows.
• Colour: the Schnauzer comes in various colours, including black, salt and pepper, black and silver, and white.
• Care: the Schnauzer's coat requires regular care, including trimming to maintain the desired shape. The ears should be checked and cleaned regularly, and the teeth should be brushed to prevent dental problems.
• Temperament: Schnauzers are known for their intelligence and vigilance. They are often lively, alert and have a strong personality. Schnauzers form strong bonds with their families and can make excellent watchdogs.
• Health: generally, Schnauzers are healthy dogs, but as with many breeds, they can be prone to certain genetic conditions, including eye problems and joint issues.
• Life expectancy: between 12 and 15 years.

How to combat or reduce dog allergies

Although it is difficult to avoid allergies completely, there are steps that can be taken to reduce exposure to allergens:

• Choose lower-shedding breeds: consider breeds with a low-shedding coat that spreads less hair, and therefore fewer allergens, around the home.
• Clean regularly: keep the house clean and dust-free, especially areas where the dog spends a lot of time. Regular vacuuming and dusting can help.
• Bathe the dog regularly: bathing the dog can help remove surface allergens from its coat. Consult your veterinarian for guidance on bathing frequency.
• Use air purifiers: air purifiers with HEPA filters can remove airborne allergens and improve indoor air quality.
• Wash hands after interaction: after playing or cuddling with the dog, wash your hands thoroughly to remove allergens before touching your face.
• Consult a doctor: if allergies are severe, a doctor may recommend medication, immunotherapy or other treatments.

Best hypoallergenic dogs by size

Small hypoallergenic dogs

1. Bichon Frise
2. Chinese Crested (Powderpuff variety)
3. Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier

Medium and large hypoallergenic dogs

1. Labradoodle
2. Portuguese Water Dog
3. Schnauzer (Miniature, Standard, and Giant)

Care tips for hypoallergenic dogs

• Regular brushing: keep your dog's coat clean and free from tangles by brushing it regularly.
• Regular bathing: depending on the breed, regular bathing can help reduce the spread of allergens.
• Ear and dental care: check the dog's ears and teeth regularly to prevent health problems.
• Veterinarian check-ups: schedule regular visits to the veterinarian to ensure the dog's overall health.

Hypoallergenic dog food

Some dogs require special nutrition, particularly if they are prone to food allergies. Hypoallergenic dog food, which excludes certain allergens, may be recommended by veterinarians.

Choosing the right hypoallergenic dog

When choosing a dog that's lower in allergens, it's important to consider size, energy level, grooming needs and temperament. Spending time with a specific dog before committing to ownership is the most practical step anyone with allergies can take, individual variation in reactions to specific dogs matters more than breed labels alone.

Scientific research

Research does not consistently support the idea that hypoallergenic breeds are safer for allergy sufferers. A 2011 study published in the American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy sampled airborne Can f 1 allergen levels in 194 homes and found no statistically significant difference between homes with hypoallergenic breeds and those with other breeds [1]. A 2012 study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology went further: measuring allergen levels directly in dogs' hair, fur and coat samples, it found that several breeds commonly marketed as hypoallergenic, including Labradoodles, Poodles and Spanish Water Dogs, had significantly higher Can f 1 levels than non-hypoallergenic breeds [2].

Research continues to explore what drives individual variation in allergic reactions. For now, the most accurate statement is that no breed is reliably allergen-free. Low-shedding breeds may reduce the spread of allergen-carrying hair, but this is different from reducing allergen production.

Conclusion

Breeds labelled as hypoallergenic can be a reasonable starting point for people with dog allergies, particularly those with a low-shedding coat. But the peer-reviewed evidence does not support the idea that these breeds reliably produce fewer allergens. Anyone with moderate to severe allergies should spend time with a specific dog before committing to ownership, consult their doctor about allergy management, and consider the practical steps above to reduce exposure at home.