Recognising, treating and preventing mange in dogs

Mange in dogs is a contagious skin condition caused by mites that burrow into the skin. This leads to extreme itching, skin irritation and secondary infections. In this article, you’ll find out how to recognise mange in dogs, which treatments are effective, and how to protect your dog from infection. You’ll also learn what the best treatment options are, and how to lower the risk of re-infection through good hygiene and preventive measures.

What causes mange in dogs?

Mange in dogs is caused by mites, microscopic parasites that feed on the dog’s skin cells. There are two main types:

• Sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei): highly contagious and causes intense itching.[1]
• Demodectic mange (Demodex canis): caused by mites that are already present on the skin but multiply when the immune system is compromised.[2]

How does a dog become infected with mange?

A dog can become infected through:

• Direct contact with an infected dog.
• Contact with infected objects such as beds, blankets and brushes.[1]
• A weakened immune system, causing Demodex mites to get out of control.

What are the symptoms of mange in dogs?

The symptoms of mange vary depending on the type of mite. With sarcoptic mange, the symptoms are often more severe than with demodectic mange.

Symptoms of sarcoptic mange:

• Intense itching and scratching, sometimes to the point of bleeding.
• Hair loss (mainly around the ears, legs, belly and muzzle).
• Red skin with flaking and scabbing.
• Unpleasant odour due to secondary infections.
• Thickening of the skin in cases of long-term infestation.

Symptoms of demodectic mange:

• Bald patches without extreme itching.
• Scaly, dry skin.
• Localised (in puppies) or generalised (in adult dogs with a weakened immune system).
• Secondary bacterial infections may occur, leading to inflammation and pain.

How is mange diagnosed in dogs?

A veterinarian makes the diagnosis by:

• Examining skin scrapings under a microscope.
• Assessing clinical symptoms.
• Conducting a trial course of medication, since mites can sometimes be hard to detect on a scraping alone.

What are the treatment options for scabies in dogs?

The treatment of scabies depends on the type and severity of the infestation.

Medication and shampoos for scabies

• Selamectin (Stronghold) or moxidectin (Advocate): anti-parasitic spot-on drops. A 2023 review of treatment studies found selamectin reaching over 95% efficacy by day 30 and 100% by day 60 with two monthly doses.[3]
• Ivermectin (prescription only for sarcoptic mange).
• Amitraz dips: effective against Demodex mites.
• Medically formulated shampoos with antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Environmental cleaning for scabies treatment

• Cleaning and disinfecting beds, blankets, brushes and floors.
• Wash dog brushes and textiles at a high temperature.
• Treating other pets to prevent re-infestation.

How long does it take to cure a dog of scabies?

Treatment usually takes 4 to 8 weeks, depending on the severity and the product used.[3] It is important to:

• Continue the treatment for at least 3 weeks after the symptoms have disappeared.
• Arrange follow-up checks with the veterinarian to confirm the cure.

Can mange in dogs be transmitted to humans?

Sarcoptic mange is zoonotic, meaning it can cause temporary skin irritation in humans.[1] Symptoms in humans include:

• Itching and red bumps, especially on the arms and stomach.
• Symptoms disappear on their own after the dog has been treated.

How can you prevent mange in dogs?

Mange prevention requires a combination of hygiene, healthcare and medication.

Hygiene and care

• Regular brushing and inspection of the coat.
• Wash dog beds and blankets weekly.
• Limit contact with infected dogs.

Preventative medication

• Spot-on antiparasitic treatments such as Stronghold or Advocate.
• Regular worming and vaccination to support the immune system.

Nutrition and immunity

• Balanced nutrition with sufficient vitamins and omega-3 helps the immune system.
• Supplements for weakened dogs to boost their resistance.

What to do if symptoms return after treatment?

If symptoms return:

• Consult your veterinarian for a new skin analysis.
• Extend the treatment if necessary.
• Check for immune system problems in the dog.

Conclusion

Mange in dogs is serious, but it’s treatable with the right approach. Early detection, effective treatment and prevention play a key role in protecting your dog from this skin condition. Keep your dog and its environment clean, and stick with preventive measures well after the itching stops. That last part is where most relapses happen.