German Spitz: history, character and care

The German Spitz is a versatile and charming breed of dog with a rich history and a striking appearance. Known for their watchful nature and affectionate disposition, these dogs are an excellent choice for families and individuals looking for a pet that is not only affectionate, but also intelligent and lively. This article offers a comprehensive guide to the history, characteristics, health, care and daily needs of the German Spitz.

Size: 18–55 cm (depending on variety)
Weight: 1.8–25 kg
Temperament: Lively, watchful, affectionate, headstrong
Coat: Dense double coat, mane around the neck
Origin: Germany
FCI Breed Group: Group 5 – Spitz and primitive types
Life expectancy: 12–16 years

What is the history of the German Spitz?

The German Spitz originates from Germany and is thought to descend from the Turf Spitz (Canis familiaris palustris), one of the oldest dog breeds in Europe. Archaeological finds show that Spitz-like dogs were already being used as guard and hunting dogs in prehistoric times.

• Middle Ages: German Spitz, also known as 'Mistbellers', were used to guard farms and property such as manure heaps.
• 19th century: They became popular with coachmen as guard dogs and in England as companion animals, largely due to the influence of Queen Victoria, who introduced small spitz-like dogs (some of which were precursors to the modern Pomeranian).
• Today: Nowadays, the German Spitz is valued worldwide as a companion dog that is also well-suited to sporting activities such as agility.

What is the character and temperament of the German Spitz?

The German Spitz is a smart, energetic and devoted dog. Their character consists of traits that make them particularly beloved, but can sometimes also be challenging.

Key character traits

• Affection: They form strong bonds with their owner and often follow them around the house.
• Watchfulness: They are alert and quick to bark, making them good watchdogs.
• Intelligence: These dogs learn new commands quickly, but can also be stubborn if they do not receive clear guidance.
• Social behaviour: Although friendly with the family, they can be reserved towards strangers.

How to manage their temperament?

• Positive reinforcement is essential during training to mitigate stubborn traits such as obstinacy.
• Early socialisation helps them to interact comfortably with other animals and people as adults.

What are the physical characteristics of the German Spitz?

The physical characteristics of the German Spitz vary by variety, but they share a few distinctive features: a lush coat, a curled tail and a typical fox-like appearance.

Variations in height and weight

Variety	Height (cm)	Weight (kg)
Wolfsspitz/Keeshond	43–55	25–32
Large Spitz	42–50	17–18
Medium Spitz	29–36	10.5–11.5
Miniature Spitz	24–30	3–5
Pomeranian/Miniature Spitz	18–24	1.4–3

Head and build

• Head: Pointed, with a flat skull and a sharp muzzle.
• Ears: Erect and triangular.
• Body: Compact and well-proportioned, with a square build.

What colours and coat types does the German Spitz have?

The German Spitz has a compact double coat. Colours can vary depending on size and variety.

Colour palette

• White, black, brown, grey, orange and cream.
• The Wolfsspitz has a distinctive wolf-grey colour.

Coat type

• Undercoat: Thick and soft, providing insulation.
• Outer coat: Long and sturdy hairs, giving the dog its characteristic fluffy appearance.

How do you care for a German Spitz's coat?

Coat care

• Frequent brushing: Daily brushing is recommended, especially during the shedding season, to prevent tangles.
• Special technique: Brush against the direction of hair growth to maintain the double coat optimally.
• Professional grooming sessions: Help manage the coat length regularly without damaging its unique texture.

Hygiene measures

• Clean the ears and teeth regularly to prevent infections and tartar build-up.
• Bathing: Only when necessary, to preserve the balance of the natural oils in their coat.

Does the German Spitz get on well with other dogs?

Yes, with good early socialisation, the German Spitz gets on well with other dogs. However, due to their watchful nature and hunting instinct, they can be reserved in unfamiliar situations.

Tips for socialisation

• Introduce new dogs slowly and in a neutral environment.
• Reward good behaviour and ensure positive interactions.

How do you train a German Spitz effectively?

Basic principles of training

• Consistency is key: Always use the same commands and training methods.
• Positive reinforcement works best: Reward with treats and give praise for obedience.
• Socialisation: Start as early as possible, so that the dog gets used to different people, animals and environments.

How much exercise and training does a German Spitz need?

Although German Spitz dogs are not particularly demanding when it comes to exercise, they do require regular physical and mental stimulation.

Exercise

• Daily walks of around 20–30 minutes.
• Space to run freely in a fenced-off area.

Training

• Obedience training: Essential for channelling their natural stubbornness.
• Agility sports such as agility and flyball keep them mentally sharp.

What living conditions suit a German Spitz?

The German Spitz is adaptable and suits both flats and houses with a garden. It is important that they have access to exercise and social interaction.

What is the German Spitz's health and life expectancy?

Health

Common problems include:

• Allergies, including allergic skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis [1].
• Patellar luxation (knee problems in smaller varieties, including the Pomeranian) [2].
• Weight gain, especially after neutering [3].

Life expectancy

The German Spitz lives on average between 12 and 16 years, depending on care and hereditary factors.

What are the costs of a German Spitz?

Purchase prices

• Pomeranian: €2,500 - €3,000.
• Miniature Spitz: €1,000 - €1,800.

Monthly costs

Expect to spend €50 to €150 per month on food, care and vet bills.

How do you put together a diet for a German Spitz?

The diet should be rich in:

• Protein: Chicken, lamb or fish.
• Healthy fats: For energy and coat quality.
• Vitamins: From natural sources such as vegetables.

What names are suitable for a German Spitz?

German names

• Otto, Hans (male).
• Greta, Lotte (female).

Inspiration from appearance

• Schnee (white), Mocha (brown).

The German Spitz is a versatile and charismatic dog with a rich history and an affectionate nature. With the right care, training and attention, this dog can be a wonderful companion for families and individuals. By taking their unique needs into account, you will not only continue to enjoy their lively temperament, but also ensure their well-being and long-term happiness.